Nepal lies between the latitudes 26 degrees North and 30 degrees North and between the longitudes 80 degrees East and 88 degrees East approximately. The total area of Nepal is about one lakh and forty – one thousand square kilometers.

China lies to the north of Nepal and India lies to its east south and west. Nepal is a land – locked country.

Nepal lies in the mountain ranges of the Himalayas. Nepal’s Southern-most part has Shiwalik Ranges, further northwards to it lies the Mahabharat Lekh, to its further north we find Hemadri Ranges and in the northernmost part of Nepal lies the world famous Himalayas along with world’s highest peak – The Everest.

The region to the south of the Shiwalik range is known as “Tarai” and is a leveled , low-lying plain. The ‘Antar-Tarai’ region lies between the mountain ranges. The region is also called ‘Doon’.

To the north of the Antar-Tarai region is the central part of Nepal. There are fertile basins like Kathmandu and Pokhra in this area which are 1200 to 4000 metres high above the sea-level.

The parts, north of Central Nepal, are the highest hilly regions of the world. Mountain peaks which are more than 8000 metres in height Mount Everest (Sagarmatha), Makalu, Dhaulagiri, Manaslu and Annapurna lie in this region. Mount Everest (8848 metres) is the highest peak in the world.

There are quite a few agro-based industries in Nepal. Carpet-making, weaving woolen cloth and handloom cloth, tanning leather, rice and oil mills, lumbering, rope and basket making are its important industries.

There are, Jute and cotton mills at Viratnagar, sugar factories at Virganj and Viratnagar, match-box factories at Pokhara, Nepalganj and Virgang. Nepal has a cement factory also.

Because of the hilly nature of the country, the yak is the only means of transport in inaccessible areas. There are roads to facilitate transport in the areas.

There are two highways in Nepal, the first is the ‘ Tribhuvan Rajpath’ connecting Kathmandu to Raxaul on the Indian border and the second, the ‘Siddhartha’ highway connecting Pokhra to Sanauli on the Indian border. These have been completed with the help of the Indian Government. The Kathmandu-Lhasa (Tibet) highway has been built with the help of the Chinese Government. The Hintauda-Tekudowan cableway transport in Nepal is cheap and easy.

In Nepal, air transport has now become important. From the point of view of air-transport Kathmandu is an important centre in Nepal. Kathmandu is connected to India and other countries by air.

The Indian north-eastern railway runs to Nepal. Nepal has all facilities like telephones, telegraph and wireless services, television, radio,etc. India and Nepal have an association of great importance with reference to transport and communications.